Load-driven interactions between energy efficiency and demand response on regional grid scales

Energy efficiency (EE) has long been recognized as a source of value to the electricity grid. Especially with increasing penetration variable renewable generation, demand response (DR) can also provide system and support evolving needs Yet there little study date interactions between EE DR that may complicate their grid impacts. In this we perform bottom-up modelling interactive effects in buildings for three representative regions United States Leveraging new simulation tools enable detailed building stock, synthesize system-level profiles several scenarios representing different portfolios measures. each scenario, couple underlying models database DR-enabling technologies estimate building-level capabilities compute supply curve DR. We assess resulting based on an existing conceptual framework. The results show complex relationship DR, whose size direction vary widely depending system, type framework level being considered. Most often, overall effect is competition but significant complementarity occur, especially when portfolio includes controls Our suggest programs developed without considering erode benefits both resources, whereas more integrated approach yield increased benefits.